Students should understand what is meant by 5' to 3' transcription and 5' to 3' translation.
D1.2.13
Initiation of transcription at the promoter
Consider transcription factors that bind to the promoter as an example. However, students are not required to name the transcription factors.
D1.2.14
Non-coding sequences in DNA do not code for polypeptides
Limit examples to regulators of gene expression, introns, telomeres and genes for rRNAs and tRNAs in eukaryotes.
D1.2.15
Post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic cells
Include removal of introns and splicing together of exons to form mature mRNA and also the addition of 5' caps and 3' polyA tails to stabilize mRNA transcripts.
D1.2.16
Alternative splicing of exons to produce variants of a protein from a single gene
Students are only expected to understand that splicing together different combinations of exons allows one gene to code for different polypeptides. Specific examples are not required.
