Gene expression is the process by which information encoded in a gene is is used to create a functional product

• In other words, it is the mechanism by which genetic instructions (genotype) give rise to observable characteristics (phenotype)

Gene expression patterns can be moderated in three main ways:

1. By regulating gene accessibility and subsequent activity (via the incorporation of epigenetic tags)

2. By controlling the production and activity of RNA (via the regulated action of transcription factors)

3. By moderating the functional levels of RNA and protein within the cell (via targeted degradation)