The brain plays a critical role in processing sensory information from the peripheral nervous system and then combining these inputs into decision-making pathways

• Complex actions processed by the brain include learning pathways, memory retention, consciousness, emotional responses and critical thought
  

• The human brain is more highly developed than in other animals and is extensively folded (gyrification) to increase cognitive capacity
  

Cerebrum

The brain is composed of two main parts – the cerebrum (‘big’ brain) and the cerebellum (‘little’ brain)

• The cerebrum is the part of the brain responsible for conscious thoughts and is composed of two hemispheres that are divided into four lobes
  

• The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating skeletal muscle contractions and maintaining balance
  

• The spine connects to the brain via a region called the brain stem (medulla oblongata), which is responsible for the processing of automatic and unconscious functions (such as heart rate and breathing control)
  

Cerebellum

The cerebellum appears as a separate structure at the base of the brain (under the cerebral hemispheres)

• It is responsible for regulating complex motor functions – such as balance and proprioception

• The cerebellum coordinates gait, maintains posture and also is responsible for maintaining muscle tone

• While the cerebellum helps to control voluntary muscle activity, it does not initiate muscle contractions

Cerebellum Structure